ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka chrome corundum

I ka makahiki 1877, ua hoʻohana ʻo Fremi, he loea Farani, i ka pauka alumina maʻemaʻe, potassium carbonate, barium fluoride a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka potassium bichromate i mea maka.Ma hope o 8 mau lā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi crucible, loaʻa nā kristal ruby ​​liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ruby ​​artificial.
I ka makahiki 1900, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka alumini oxide ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka chromium oxide, Cr2O3, e like me ke kaupaona ʻana o 0. Me ke ʻano 7% i hoʻohui ʻia, 2g ~ 4g rubies i hana ʻia.I kēia lā, hiki ke hana ʻia nā rubi a me nā sapphi e like me 10 grams.
I ka makahiki 1885, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau rubi artificial kiʻekiʻe ma Geneva, Switzerland.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia aia nā ʻāpana ruby ​​maoli, me ka potassium dichromate ʻulaʻula a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia, a me ke ʻano o nā huahana kūlohelohe.Eia naʻe, ʻo Verneuil ka mea lapaʻau Farani i hana maoli i ka pōhaku makamae a hoʻokomo i loko o ka hana nui.
I ka makahiki 1891, ua hana ʻo Verneuer i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lapalapa a hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā pōhaku kiʻi.Ma hope o ka holomua, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia me ka alumina maʻemaʻe.Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma kahi umu Muffle wela me ka hydrogen inverted a me ka paipu puhi oxygen.ʻO ka pauka maikaʻi o ka alumina maʻemaʻe i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka chromium oxide i hoʻokuʻu mālie ʻia i loko o ka lapalapa a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, kulu ʻia ma ke kumu e hoʻoheheʻe a kristal.Ma hope o ʻumi makahiki o ka hana nui.
Ua hana ʻia nā rubi artificial e Vernayet i ka makahiki 1904, a mai ia manawa ua hoʻopololei ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke ahi e hana i nā rubi i aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai nā mea maoli.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana a hiki i ka wā hou a ʻo ia ke ʻano nui o ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku artificial i ka honua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Verneuil method".I kēia manawa he mau hola wale nō ka hana ʻana ma mua o 100 carats o ka pōhaku maka, nā kristal corundum artificial me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka pear a i ʻole ke ʻano kāloti, ke ʻano maʻemaʻe, ke ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o nā huahana kūlohelohe, a me nā pono waiwai nui.ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻo Verneuil o kēia wā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka wale i nā rubi mai ka ʻulaʻula māmā a i ka ʻulaʻula hohonu, akā i nā sapphis o nā kala like ʻole, a me nā rubi a me nā sapphi me nā hōkū hōkū.He hana mana.