Ngo-1877, uFremi, i-chemist yaseFransi, wasebenzisa umgubo ococekileyo we-alumina, i-potassium carbonate, i-barium fluoride kunye nenani elincinci le-potassium bichromate njengezinto eziluhlaza.Emva kweentsuku ezi-8 zokushisa okuphezulu okuncibilika kwi-crucible, i-crystals encinci ye-ruby yafunyanwa, eyayiyisiqalo se-ruby yokwenziwa.
Kwi-1900, izazinzulu zasebenzisa i-aluminium oxide emva kokunyibilika inani elincinci le-chromium oxide, i-Cr2O3, ngokomlinganiselo we-0. Nge-7% indlela eyongezelelweyo, i-2g ~ 4g rubies yaveliswa.Namhlanje, iirubhi kunye neesafire ezinkulu njenge-10 grams zingenziwa.
Ngowe-1885, kwavela iirubhi ezenziweyo zodidi oluphezulu eGeneva, eSwitzerland.Kuthiwa kukho amaqhekeza erubhi yendalo, kunye ne-potassium dichromate ebomvu kunye nokunye ukunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu benziwe, kunye nobume bemveliso yendalo.Nangona kunjalo, yayiyikhemisti yaseFransi uVerneuil owenze ngokwenene ilitye elinqabileyo kwaye walibeka kwimveliso enkulu.
Ngowe-1891, uVerneuer wayila inkqubo yokunyibilika kwamadangatye waza wayisebenzisa ukwenza amatye anqabileyo.Emva kwempumelelo, wazama nge-alumina ecocekileyo.Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwiqondo eliphezulu lobushushu beMuffle furnace kunye nehidrojeni eguqulweyo kunye nombhobho wokuvuthela oksijini.Umgubo ocolekileyo we-alumina ecocekileyo equlethe isixa esincinci se-chromium oxide yathotywa kancinane edangatyeni kwaye yanyibilika, ithontsiza kwisiseko ukuze ijike kwaye ikhazimle.Emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusebenza nzima.
Iirubhi ezenziweyo zenziwe nguVernayet ngo-1904, kwaye ukususela ngoko ukunyibilika komlilo kuye kwagqitywa ukuvelisa iirubhi eziphantse zingabonakali kwizinto zendalo.Le ndlela isetyenziswe kwada kwanamhlanje kwaye iseyeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa amatye anqabileyo emhlabeni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Verneuil method".Ngoku kuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela ukuvelisa ngaphezu kwe-100 carats yerubhi ekrwada ilitye, iikristale zecorundum eyenziweyo kunye nenkangeleko yepear shape okanye imilo yomnqathe, ukuthungwa okucocekileyo, ukukhanya kombala nangaphezulu kuneemveliso zendalo, kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu zoqoqosho.Inkqubo yanamhlanje yeVerneuil ayivelisi kuphela iirubhi ukusuka kwipinki ekhanyayo ukuya kubomvu obunzulu, kodwa kunye neesafire ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo, kunye neerubhi kunye neesafire ezinokukhanya kweenkwenkwezi.Ngummangaliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-11-2023